一、先定概念1. 不定式to do形式to 动词原形变体一般主动to do一般被动to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done完成被动to have been done核心本质侧重将来、未发生、目的、一次性、主观意愿2. 现在分词doing形式动词ing变体一般主动doing一般被动being done完成主动having done完成被动having been done核心本质侧重主动、进行、正在发生、已发生、过程、伴随、习惯二、两大结构 6大句子成分 全方位对比1. 作主语to do 不定式表具体某一次、将来要做的事常用形式放句首 / It 作形式主语To master English takes time.It takes time to master English.doing 现在分词表抽象、泛指、习惯性、长期的事Mastering English takes time.口诀to do 具体单次doing 抽象习惯2. 作表语to do表将来目标、尚未实现、职责任务My goal is to pass IELTS.目标还没实现doing表性格、爱好、常态、事物本身属性My hobby is reading.长期爱好The film is boring.事物特质3. 作宾语重中之重·考试核心只能接 to do 的动词必背Verb to doagree, aim, appear, arrange, be able, be likely, claim, decide, deserve, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, seem, tend, try, pretend, learn, affordVerb Object to doadvise, allow, encourage, force, get, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn, wishVerb( Object) to doask, choose, dare, expect, help, intend, need, prefer, prepare, want例句I decide to leave.只能接 doing 的动词必背avoid, approve of, cant help, cant stand, carry on, consider, deny, dont mind, enjoy, fell like, finish, give up, imagine, include, insist on, involve, keep, mention, mind, practise, put off, recommend, resist, suggest, think of/about, admit, miss例句I finish doing my homework.to do 和 doing 意思相近begin, start, continue, attempt, bother, hate, like, love, prefer接 to do / doing 含义完全不同超级易错单词to dodoingremoberremember to do 记得要去做没做remember doing 记得做过已做forgetforget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过stopstop to do 停下来去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事trytry to do 努力、尽力去做try doing 试着做尝试方法regretregret to do 遗憾正要告诉你regret doing 后悔已经做了meanmean to do 打算、有意做mean doing 意味着go ongo on to do 接着做下一件go on doing 继续做同一件needsb need to do 主语去做某事sb nedd doing 等其他人去做4. 作定语后置修饰名词to do 不定式修饰名词表将要做、还没做、用途I have a lot of homeworkto do.要做的作业Give me a pento write with.用来写字的笔doing 现在分词修饰名词表主动、正在进行The girlsingingunder the tree is my classmate.正在唱歌的女孩5. 作状语考点最多to do 不定式状语表目的为了……I get up early to study English.表出乎意料结果He rushed out, only to find it raining.表原因多用于情绪形容词后I am glad to see you.doing 现在分词状语表时间一……就 / 当……时候Walking along the street, I saw a cat.表原因Being ill, he didn’t go to school.表伴随/方式同时做两件事He sat there, reading a book.表自然结果It rained heavily, causing the flood.区别目的用to do伴随/时间/原因/自然结果用doing6. 作宾语补足语to do 宾补ask/tell/allow/permit/invite/want sb.to doMy teacher told me to study hard.doing 宾补see/watch/hear/keep/find sb.doing看见某人正在做I saw him playing basketball.补充see sb. do 看见全过程see sb. doing 看见正在做三、时态变体深度用法进阶必懂不定式进阶式to be doing 不定式进行式正在做He seems to be sleeping. 他好像正在睡觉。to have done 不定式完成式已经做完I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 抱歉让你久等已经等了。现在分词进阶式having done 完成主动动作先于主句完成Having finished work, he went home. 做完工作后他回家了。having been done 完成被动先被……Having been told many times, he still made mistakes.四、核心终极区别 一句话吃透to do 不定式偏向将来、未发生、目的、意愿、计划、一次性动作doing 现在分词偏向主动、进行、正在做、已做完、过程、习惯、伴随状态五、极简背诵口诀不定to do 表将来目的计划没安排现在分词doing在主动进行伴状态记住动词固定配含义差异别乱猜。